Qartuli Simgerebi: The Rich and Diverse Music of Georgia
Qartuli simgerebi are Georgian songs that express the soul and spirit of the Georgian people. They are an integral part of Georgian culture and identity, reflecting the history, geography, and diversity of this ancient and beautiful country. Qartuli simgerebi encompass a wide range of genres and styles, from traditional folk music to modern pop music. In this article, we will explore the origins, characteristics, examples, and performers of qartuli simgerebi in both folk and pop music.
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Georgian folk music
Georgian folk music is one of the oldest and richest musical traditions in the world. It dates back to at least three thousand years ago, as evidenced by archaeological findings and written sources. Georgian folk music is mainly vocal and is known for its complex polyphony (multiple simultaneous melodies), which is considered to be one of the earliest polyphonic traditions in the Christian world. Georgian folk music also features a variety of musical instruments, such as wind instruments (soinari, salamuri), string instruments (chonguri, panduri), percussion instruments (doli), etc.
Georgian folk music consists of at least fifteen regional styles or dialects that differ in musical scales, rhythms, timbres, ornaments, etc. These regional styles are traditionally grouped into two: eastern Georgian group (Kartli-Kakheti) and western Georgian group (Imereti-Samegrelo). Eastern Georgian folk music is characterized by a long drone bass with two soloists singing the top parts. Western Georgian folk music is characterized by three or four equal voices singing in parallel or contrary motion.
Georgian folk songs are classified into several types according to their function or content. Some of the most common types are:
Table songs (supruli simgerebi) songs performed during feasts or banquets (supra), usually accompanied by wine drinking and toasting. They are often lyrical or heroic in theme.
Labor songs (samshoblo simgerebi) songs performed during work activities such as plowing, harvesting, weaving, etc. They are often rhythmic or humorous in theme.
Ritual songs (ceremoniuli simgerebi) songs performed during religious or secular ceremonies such as weddings, funerals, festivals, etc. They are often solemn or festive in theme.
Lullabies (nana) songs performed to soothe or put children to sleep. They are often tender or affectionate in theme.
Some of the most famous and popular Georgian folk songs are: Chakrulo, Shen Khar Venakhi, Mravalzhamier, Lale, Tushuri Saperavi, etc.
Georgian folk music has been recognized and appreciated by many international organizations and artists. In 2001, UNESCO proclaimed the Georgian polyphonic singing as a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity. In 1977, the song Chakrulo was included in the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of sounds and images representing the diversity of life and culture on Earth, which was sent into outer space by NASA. Many famous musicians, such as Igor Stravinsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Jordi Savall, etc., have praised and studied Georgian folk music.
Georgian pop music
Georgian pop music is a relatively recent phenomenon that emerged in the second half of the 20th century. It was influenced by various musical genres and trends from the West, such as rock, jazz, blues, soul, disco, etc. Georgian pop music also incorporated elements from Georgian folk music, such as melodies, rhythms, instruments, etc. Georgian pop music is characterized by its fusion, modernization, experimentation, and diversity.
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Georgian pop music consists of several subgenres that reflect the preferences and tastes of different generations and audiences. Some of the most common subgenres are:
Rock (roki) a genre that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a form of protest and expression of youth culture. It was influenced by British and American rock bands such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, etc. Some of the most famous Georgian rock bands are: VIA Iveria, Argo, Orera, etc.
Hip hop (hip hopi) a genre that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s as a form of urban and street culture. It was influenced by American rap artists such as Run DMC, Public Enemy, Tupac Shakur, etc. Some of the most famous Georgian hip hop artists are: Giga Kukhianidze, Luka Zakariadze, Bera Ivanishvili, etc.
Jazz (dzhazi) a genre that emerged in the 1990s and 2000s as a form of artistic and sophisticated music. It was influenced by American jazz musicians such as Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Herbie Hancock, etc. Some of the most famous Georgian jazz artists are: Nino Katamadze, Beka Gochiashvili, Giorgi Mikadze, etc.
Electronic (elektronuli) a genre that emerged in the 2000s and 2010s as a form of innovative and experimental music. It was influenced by European electronic music styles such as techno, house, trance, etc. Some of the most famous Georgian electronic music artists are: KayaKata, Irakli Charkviani, Greenbeam, etc.
Some of the most famous and popular Georgian pop songs are: Suliko, Tbiliso, Me da shen, Iavnana, Mgzavrebi, etc.
Georgian pop music has been recognized and appreciated by many international organizations and artists. In 2019, Georgia hosted the Junior Eurovision Song Contest, a song competition for children aged 9 to 14. Georgia has also participated in the Eurovision Song Contest, a song competition for adults, since 2007 and has achieved several top ten results. Many famous musicians, such as Sting, Elton John, Maroon 5, etc., have performed in Georgia and have praised Georgian pop music.
Conclusion
Qartuli simgerebi are Georgian songs that showcase the rich and diverse music of Georgia. They are an expression of Georgian culture and identity, as well as a reflection of Georgian history and geography. Qartuli simgerebi include both folk and pop music genres, each with their own characteristics, examples, and performers. Georgian folk music is known for its ancient and complex polyphony, while Georgian pop music is known for its fusion and modernization. Qartuli simgerebi are a valuable and unique musical heritage that deserves to be explored and appreciated by everyone.
FAQs
Q: What does qartuli simgerebi mean? A: Qartuli simgerebi means Georgian songs in the Georgian language.
Q: What is the difference between eastern and western Georgian folk music? A: Eastern Georgian folk music is characterized by a long drone bass with two soloists singing the top parts, while western Georgian folk music is characterized by three or four equal voices singing in parallel or contrary motion.
Q: What are some of the musical instruments used in Georgian folk music? A: Some of the musical instruments used in Georgian folk music are wind instruments (soinari, salamuri), string instruments (chonguri, panduri), percussion instruments (doli), etc.
Q: What are some of the influences and trends of Georgian pop music? A: Some of the influences and trends of Georgian pop music are various musical genres and styles from the West, such as rock, jazz, blues, soul, disco, etc., as well as elements from Georgian folk music, such as melodies, rhythms, instruments, etc.
Q: What are some of the subgenres of Georgian pop music? A: Some of the subgenres of Georgian pop music are rock (roki), hip hop (hip hopi), jazz (dzhazi), electronic (elektronuli), etc.
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